Travel, whether for short-term work or refreshment or long-term relocation, has become a fraught area of risk for HRDs. Travel documents have been increasingly weaponised against HRDs in their countries of origin, while many potential destination countries are reluctant to provide visas in the context of widespread anti-migration sentiment.
Some countries have visa schemes that would be adequate to enable HRDs to travel, but they are underutilised and even border officials may be unaware of their existence. There is often a lack of coordination between branches of government responsible for supporting and protecting HRDs, and those making decisions about visas and access. All of this creates a context in which travel is difficult, and sometimes extremely difficult.
At worst, the weaponisation of travel documents creates a risk of statelessness for HRDs. This is therefore a matter of identity and legal personhood, not just about navigating the complexities of travel. HRDs living under the protection of third governments also have to live with the constant threat of extradition.
Proposals for action:
- States should provide multi-entry visas or introduce and implement a special category of visas for HRDs at risk, enabling them to leave their country of origin at short notice for emergency relocation. Relevant states should also facilitate visas enabling HRDs to access international institutions such as the UN.
- The EU should consider adopting a directive on EU mobility to manage short- and long-term relocations.