The conference convened by Wilton Park brought together a diverse group of experts, including practitioners, diplomats, psychologists, cognitive scientists, conflict researchers, mediators, and policymakers to explore the intersection of psychology, conflict, and recovery, with a particular focus on children and young people in conflict-affected regions in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The event aimed to bridge the gap between the emotional and psychological impacts of conflict and the practical considerations of policymaking, challenging traditional assumptions about conflict and development. It also aimed to go beyond discussions of young people as victims of conflict to consider their active role in peacebuilding or, conversely, in future cycles of violence. We adopted a ‘cycles of conflict’ framing to connect childhood trauma not only with past and present conflicts, but also to note the risks of future conflict arising from unaddressed trauma among the current generation of children in the region. However, the risks of using a ‘cycles of conflict’ framing in terms of stigmatising young people was noted.
The primary objective of the conference was to foster a dialogue that would lead to actionable insights and policy recommendations. By integrating interdisciplinary perspectives, the conference sought to address the complex psychological and social challenges faced by young people in conflict-affected areas. Key themes included the individual and collective psychological effects of violence and trauma, the role of adverse childhood experiences in shaping long-term outcomes, the need to address material and social needs alongside psychological ones, the problem of focusing on conflict-affected children as potential perpetrators (“ticking time bombs”), and the need for culturally sensitive and context-specific interventions.
The conference was set against the global backdrop of growing political competition and increased military spending, and greater pressure on governments to develop deterrents against violence. At the same time, the provision of MHPSS programmes was declining due to reductions in funding from traditional donors. The discussions highlighted the need for a human-centred approach to policy, one that considers the psychological and emotional dimensions of conflict, particularly for vulnerable populations like children and youth.
This report captures the essence of these discussions, summarising the main themes, key issues, examples of innovative practice, and the recommendations that emerged. The insights gained from this event are intended to inform future policies and interventions, with the aim of preventing conflict, promoting recovery, and fostering long-term peace and development.